Netherlands

Is there a specific enacted legislation regulating AI in your jurisdiction?

Besides the EU AI Act, there is no specific national regulation of AI in The Netherlands. 

Is there a proposed legislation regulating AI in your jurisdiction?

N/A

Are there any guidelines/ codes of conduct/ recommendations / reports / policies in connection with AI in your jurisdiction?

• Strategic Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence Action Plan for development and use of AI in the public sector.

• Proposal for implementation of the regulatory sandbox dated 25 March 2025.

On 12 September 2025, the Dutch Data Protection Authority issued guidance on the role of product standards for AI-systems, in particular those with a high risk under the AI Act (only in Dutch)

The Dutch Data Protection Authority published AI literacy guidance on 30 January 2025 and a follow up on 23 October 2025.

On 2 October 2025, the Dutch Data Protection Authority and Authority for Consumer and Market issued a joint statement on the use of AI chatbots in customer service (https://www.autoriteitpersoonsgegevens.nl/en/current/ap-and-acm-chatbots-should-not-fully-replace-humans-in-customer-service and https://www.autoriteitpersoonsgegevens.nl/system/files?file=2025-10/Oproep%20ACM%20en%20AP%20AI-chatbots.pdf 

Is AI specifically addressed in IP laws? Are there any guidelines / soft laws relating to AI? 

N/A

Is AI specifically addressed in data protection laws? Are there any guidelines / soft laws relating to AI?

ACM has published a position paper with regard to regulatory oversight of algorithms (available here in English). 

The Dutch Data Protection Authority published guidelines on meaningful human intervention in algorithmic decisionmaking in July of 2025 https://www.autoriteitpersoonsgegevens.nl/en/current/meaningful-human-intervention-in-algorithmic-decision-making

The Dutch Data Protection Authority published their 'Vision on Generative AI' on 4 February 2026 https://www.autoriteitpersoonsgegevens.nl/en/documents/moving-forward-responsibly-aps-vision-on-generative-ai

Who are the competent AI supervisory authorities in your jurisdiction? 

No supervisory authorities have been appointed yet. RDI and AOP have issued a recommendation. 

Are there any publicly known enforcement actions in relation to AI?

09/2024 - Clearview fined 30.5 M EUR - FRT - insufficient transparency, illegal database. 

Are there any other sector specific laws or guideline / soft laws (e.g. finance, healthcare etc.) where AI is specifically addressed?

General principles for the use of Artificial Intelligence in the financial sector.

Guidelines on AI in the healthcare sector

*Information is accurate up to 4 February 2026